OpenZFS 9238 - ZFS Spacemap Encoding V2

Motivation
==========

The current space map encoding has the following disadvantages:
[1] Assuming 512 sector size each entry can represent at most 16MB for a segment.
    This makes the encoding very inefficient for large regions of space.
[2] As vdev-wide space maps have started to be used by new features (i.e.
    device removal, zpool checkpoint) we've started imposing limits in the
    vdevs that can be used with them based on the maximum addressable offset
    (currently 64PB for a top-level vdev).

New encoding
============

The layout can be found at space_map.h and it remains backwards compatible with
the old one. The introduced two-word entry format, besides extending the limits
imposed by the single-entry layout, also includes a vdev field and some extra
padding after its prefix.

The extra padding after the prefix should is reserved for future usage (e.g.
new prefixes for future encodings or new fields for flags). The new vdev field
not only makes the space maps more self-descriptive, but also opens the doors
for pool-wide space maps (expected to be used in the log spacemap project).

One final important note is that the number of bits used for vdevs is reduced
to 24 bits for blkptrs. That was decided as we don't know of any setups that
use more than 16M vdevs for the time being and we wanted to fit the vdev field
in the space map. In addition that gives us some extra bits in dva_t.

Other references:
=================

The new encoding is also discussed towards the end of the Log Space Map
presentation from 2017's OpenZFS summit.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jj2IxRkl5bQ

Authored by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <[email protected]>
Approved by: Gordon Ross <[email protected]>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <[email protected]>

OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/90a56e6d
OpenZFS-issue: https://www.illumos.org/issues/9238
Closes #7665

1 files changed, 6 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/module/zcommon/zfeature_common.c b/module/zcommon/zfeature_common.c
index b010c8843..f5c98933c 100644
--- a/module/zcommon/zfeature_common.c
+++ b/module/zcommon/zfeature_common.c
@@ -215,6 +215,12 @@ zpool_feature_init(void)
 	    "Pool state can be checkpointed, allowing rewind later.",
 	    ZFEATURE_FLAG_READONLY_COMPAT, NULL);
 
+	zfeature_register(SPA_FEATURE_SPACEMAP_V2,
+	    "com.delphix:spacemap_v2", "spacemap_v2",
+	    "Space maps representing large segments are more efficient.",
+	    ZFEATURE_FLAG_READONLY_COMPAT | ZFEATURE_FLAG_ACTIVATE_ON_ENABLE,
+	    NULL);
+
 	zfeature_register(SPA_FEATURE_EXTENSIBLE_DATASET,
 	    "com.delphix:extensible_dataset", "extensible_dataset",
 	    "Enhanced dataset functionality, used by other features.",