Introduce BLAKE3 checksums as an OpenZFS feature

This commit adds BLAKE3 checksums to OpenZFS, it has similar
performance to Edon-R, but without the caveats around the latter.

Homepage of BLAKE3: https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLAKE_(hash_function)#BLAKE3

Short description of Wikipedia:

  BLAKE3 is a cryptographic hash function based on Bao and BLAKE2,
  created by Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, and
  Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn. It was announced on January 9, 2020, at Real
  World Crypto. BLAKE3 is a single algorithm with many desirable
  features (parallelism, XOF, KDF, PRF and MAC), in contrast to BLAKE
  and BLAKE2, which are algorithm families with multiple variants.
  BLAKE3 has a binary tree structure, so it supports a practically
  unlimited degree of parallelism (both SIMD and multithreading) given
  enough input. The official Rust and C implementations are
  dual-licensed as public domain (CC0) and the Apache License.

Along with adding the BLAKE3 hash into the OpenZFS infrastructure a
new benchmarking file called chksum_bench was introduced.  When read
it reports the speed of the available checksum functions.

On Linux: cat /proc/spl/kstat/zfs/chksum_bench
On FreeBSD: sysctl kstat.zfs.misc.chksum_bench

This is an example output of an i3-1005G1 test system with Debian 11:

implementation      1k      4k     16k     64k    256k      1m      4m
edonr-generic     1196    1602    1761    1749    1762    1759    1751
skein-generic      546     591     608     615     619     612     616
sha256-generic     240     300     316     314     304     285     276
sha512-generic     353     441     467     476     472     467     426
blake3-generic     308     313     313     313     312     313     312
blake3-sse2        402    1289    1423    1446    1432    1458    1413
blake3-sse41       427    1470    1625    1704    1679    1607    1629
blake3-avx2        428    1920    3095    3343    3356    3318    3204
blake3-avx512      473    2687    4905    5836    5844    5643    5374

Output on Debian 5.10.0-10-amd64 system: (Ryzen 7 5800X)

implementation      1k      4k     16k     64k    256k      1m      4m
edonr-generic     1840    2458    2665    2719    2711    2723    2693
skein-generic      870     966     996     992    1003    1005    1009
sha256-generic     415     442     453     455     457     457     457
sha512-generic     608     690     711     718     719     720     721
blake3-generic     301     313     311     309     309     310     310
blake3-sse2        343    1865    2124    2188    2180    2181    2186
blake3-sse41       364    2091    2396    2509    2463    2482    2488
blake3-avx2        365    2590    4399    4971    4915    4802    4764

Output on Debian 5.10.0-9-powerpc64le system: (POWER 9)

implementation      1k      4k     16k     64k    256k      1m      4m
edonr-generic     1213    1703    1889    1918    1957    1902    1907
skein-generic      434     492     520     522     511     525     525
sha256-generic     167     183     187     188     188     187     188
sha512-generic     186     216     222     221     225     224     224
blake3-generic     153     152     154     153     151     153     153
blake3-sse2        391    1170    1366    1406    1428    1426    1414
blake3-sse41       352    1049    1212    1174    1262    1258    1259

Output on Debian 5.10.0-11-arm64 system: (Pi400)

implementation      1k      4k     16k     64k    256k      1m      4m
edonr-generic      487     603     629     639     643     641     641
skein-generic      271     299     303     308     309     309     307
sha256-generic     117     127     128     130     130     129     130
sha512-generic     145     165     170     172     173     174     175
blake3-generic      81      29      71      89      89      89      89
blake3-sse2        112     323     368     379     380     371     374
blake3-sse41       101     315     357     368     369     364     360

Structurally, the new code is mainly split into these parts:
- 1x cross platform generic c variant: blake3_generic.c
- 4x assembly for X86-64 (SSE2, SSE4.1, AVX2, AVX512)
- 2x assembly for ARMv8 (NEON converted from SSE2)
- 2x assembly for PPC64-LE (POWER8 converted from SSE2)
- one file for switching between the implementations

Note the PPC64 assembly requires the VSX instruction set and the
kfpu_begin() / kfpu_end() calls on PowerPC were updated accordingly.

Reviewed-by: Felix Dörre <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Ahelenia Ziemiańska <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Tino Reichardt <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Rich Ercolani <[email protected]>
Closes #10058
Closes #12918 

2 files changed, 12 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/man/man7/zfsprops.7 b/man/man7/zfsprops.7
index 2694938aa..b1e1ce377 100644
--- a/man/man7/zfsprops.7
+++ b/man/man7/zfsprops.7
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ This property is not inherited.
 .It Xo
 .Sy checksum Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy fletcher2 Ns | Ns
 .Sy fletcher4 Ns | Ns Sy sha256 Ns | Ns Sy noparity Ns | Ns
-.Sy sha512 Ns | Ns Sy skein Ns | Ns Sy edonr
+.Sy sha512 Ns | Ns Sy skein Ns | Ns Sy edonr Ns | Ns Sy blake3
 .Xc
 Controls the checksum used to verify data integrity.
 The default value is
@@ -768,8 +768,9 @@ a recommended practice.
 The
 .Sy sha512 ,
 .Sy skein ,
+.Sy edonr ,
 and
-.Sy edonr
+.Sy blake3
 checksum algorithms require enabling the appropriate features on the pool.
 .Pp
 Please see
@@ -984,7 +985,7 @@ mount options.
 .It Xo
 .Sy dedup Ns = Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy verify Ns | Ns
 .Sy sha256 Ns Oo , Ns Sy verify Oc Ns | Ns Sy sha512 Ns Oo , Ns Sy verify Oc Ns | Ns Sy skein Ns Oo , Ns Sy verify Oc Ns | Ns
-.Sy edonr , Ns Sy verify
+.Sy edonr , Ns Sy verify Ns | Ns Sy blake3 Ns Oo , Ns Sy verify Oc Ns
 .Xc
 Configures deduplication for a dataset.
 The default value is
diff --git a/man/man7/zpool-features.7 b/man/man7/zpool-features.7
index b92109c4a..df9e64701 100644
--- a/man/man7/zpool-features.7
+++ b/man/man7/zpool-features.7
@@ -326,6 +326,12 @@ while
 .Sy freeing
 is non-zero.
 .
+.feature org.openzfs blake3 no extensible_dataset
+This feature enables the use of the BLAKE3 hash algorithm for checksum and dedup.
+BLAKE3 is a secure hash algorithm focused on high performance.
+.Pp
+.checksum-spiel blake3
+.
 .feature com.delphix bookmarks yes extensible_dataset
 This feature enables use of the
 .Nm zfs Cm bookmark
@@ -436,6 +442,8 @@ in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a secret
 to be checksummed.
 Thus the produced checksums are unique to a given pool,
 preventing hash collision attacks on systems with dedup.
+.Pp
+.checksum-spiel edonr
 .
 .feature com.delphix embedded_data no
 This feature improves the performance and compression ratio of