MMP writes rotate over leaves

Instead of choosing a leaf vdev quasi-randomly, by starting at the root
vdev and randomly choosing children, rotate over leaves to issue MMP
writes.  This fixes an issue in a pool whose top-level vdevs have
different numbers of leaves.

The issue is that the frequency at which individual leaves are chosen
for MMP writes is based not on the total number of leaves but based on
how many siblings the leaves have.

For example, in a pool like this:

       root-vdev
   +------+---------------+
vdev1                   vdev2
  |                       |
  |                +------+-----+-----+----+
disk1             disk2 disk3 disk4 disk5 disk6

vdev1 and vdev2 will each be chosen 50% of the time.  Every time vdev1
is chosen, disk1 will be chosen.  However, every time vdev2 is chosen,
disk2 is chosen 20% of the time.  As a result, disk1 will be sent 5x as
many MMP writes as disk2.

This may create wear issues in the case of SSDs.  It also reduces the
effectiveness of MMP as it depends on the writes being evenly
distributed for the case where some devices fail or are partitioned.

The new code maintains a list of leaf vdevs in the pool.  MMP records
the last leaf used for an MMP write in mmp->mmp_last_leaf.  To choose
the next leaf, MMP starts at mmp->mmp_last_leaf and traverses the list,
continuing from the head if the tail is reached.  It stops when a
suitable leaf is found or all leaves have been examined.

Added a test to verify MMP write distribution is even.

Reviewed-by: Tom Caputi <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Kash Pande <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: loli10K <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Olaf Faaland <[email protected]>
Closes #7953 

3 files changed, 5 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/sys/mmp.h b/include/sys/mmp.h
index c99c124e6..edb0d4347 100644
--- a/include/sys/mmp.h
+++ b/include/sys/mmp.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ typedef struct mmp_thread {
 	zio_t		*mmp_zio_root;	/* root of mmp write zios */
 	uint64_t	mmp_kstat_id;	/* unique id for next MMP write kstat */
 	int		mmp_skip_error; /* reason for last skipped write */
+	vdev_t		*mmp_last_leaf;	/* last mmp write sent here */
+	uint64_t	mmp_leaf_last_gen;	/* last mmp write sent here */
 } mmp_thread_t;
 
 
diff --git a/include/sys/spa_impl.h b/include/sys/spa_impl.h
index 404aaa9ee..c3aaad611 100644
--- a/include/sys/spa_impl.h
+++ b/include/sys/spa_impl.h
@@ -391,6 +391,8 @@ struct spa {
 	taskq_t		*spa_prefetch_taskq;	/* Taskq for prefetch threads */
 	uint64_t	spa_multihost;		/* multihost aware (mmp) */
 	mmp_thread_t	spa_mmp;		/* multihost mmp thread */
+	list_t		spa_leaf_list;		/* list of leaf vdevs */
+	uint64_t	spa_leaf_list_gen;	/* track leaf_list changes */
 
 	/*
 	 * spa_refcount & spa_config_lock must be the last elements
diff --git a/include/sys/vdev_impl.h b/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
index 8f8a8ccf6..c115a5e10 100644
--- a/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
+++ b/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ struct vdev {
 	hrtime_t	vdev_mmp_pending; /* 0 if write finished	*/
 	uint64_t	vdev_mmp_kstat_id;	/* to find kstat entry */
 	uint64_t	vdev_expansion_time;	/* vdev's last expansion time */
+	list_node_t	vdev_leaf_node;		/* leaf vdev list */
 
 	/*
 	 * For DTrace to work in userland (libzpool) context, these fields must