OpenZFS 9102 - zfs should be able to initialize storage devices

PROBLEM
========

The first access to a block incurs a performance penalty on some platforms
(e.g. AWS's EBS, VMware VMDKs). Therefore we recommend that volumes are
"thick provisioned", where supported by the platform (VMware). This can
create a large delay in getting a new virtual machines up and running (or
adding storage to an existing Engine). If the thick provision step is
omitted, write performance will be suboptimal until all blocks on the LUN
have been written.

SOLUTION
=========

This feature introduces a way to 'initialize' the disks at install or in the
background to make sure we don't incur this first read penalty.

When an entire LUN is added to ZFS, we make all space available immediately,
and allow ZFS to find unallocated space and zero it out. This works with
concurrent writes to arbitrary offsets, ensuring that we don't zero out
something that has been (or is in the middle of being) written. This scheme
can also be applied to existing pools (affecting only free regions on the
vdev). Detailed design:
        - new subcommand:zpool initialize [-cs] <pool> [<vdev> ...]
                - start, suspend, or cancel initialization
        - Creates new open-context thread for each vdev
        - Thread iterates through all metaslabs in this vdev
        - Each metaslab:
                - select a metaslab
                - load the metaslab
                - mark the metaslab as being zeroed
                - walk all free ranges within that metaslab and translate
                  them to ranges on the leaf vdev
                - issue a "zeroing" I/O on the leaf vdev that corresponds to
                  a free range on the metaslab we're working on
                - continue until all free ranges for this metaslab have been
                  "zeroed"
                - reset/unmark the metaslab being zeroed
                - if more metaslabs exist, then repeat above tasks.
                - if no more metaslabs, then we're done.

        - progress for the initialization is stored on-disk in the vdev’s
          leaf zap object. The following information is stored:
                - the last offset that has been initialized
                - the state of the initialization process (i.e. active,
                  suspended, or canceled)
                - the start time for the initialization

        - progress is reported via the zpool status command and shows
          information for each of the vdevs that are initializing

Porting notes:
- Added zfs_initialize_value module parameter to set the pattern
  written by "zpool initialize".
- Added zfs_vdev_{initializing,removal}_{min,max}_active module options.

Authored by: George Wilson <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: John Wren Kennedy <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Prakash Surya <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: loli10K <[email protected]>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <[email protected]>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <[email protected]>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <[email protected]>

OpenZFS-issue: https://www.illumos.org/issues/9102
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/c3963210eb
Closes #8230

1 files changed, 31 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/sys/vdev_impl.h b/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
index 6c13a548f..ae21e037e 100644
--- a/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
+++ b/include/sys/vdev_impl.h
@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ typedef void	vdev_remap_cb_t(uint64_t inner_offset, vdev_t *vd,
     uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, void *arg);
 typedef void	vdev_remap_func_t(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
     vdev_remap_cb_t callback, void *arg);
+/*
+ * Given a target vdev, translates the logical range "in" to the physical
+ * range "res"
+ */
+typedef void vdev_xlation_func_t(vdev_t *cvd, const range_seg_t *in,
+    range_seg_t *res);
 
 typedef const struct vdev_ops {
 	vdev_open_func_t		*vdev_op_open;
@@ -94,6 +100,11 @@ typedef const struct vdev_ops {
 	vdev_hold_func_t		*vdev_op_hold;
 	vdev_rele_func_t		*vdev_op_rele;
 	vdev_remap_func_t		*vdev_op_remap;
+	/*
+	 * For translating ranges from non-leaf vdevs (e.g. raidz) to leaves.
+	 * Used when initializing vdevs. Isn't used by leaf ops.
+	 */
+	vdev_xlation_func_t		*vdev_op_xlate;
 	char				vdev_op_type[16];
 	boolean_t			vdev_op_leaf;
 } vdev_ops_t;
@@ -250,6 +261,24 @@ struct vdev {
 	/* pool checkpoint related */
 	space_map_t	*vdev_checkpoint_sm;	/* contains reserved blocks */
 
+	boolean_t	vdev_initialize_exit_wanted;
+	vdev_initializing_state_t	vdev_initialize_state;
+	kthread_t	*vdev_initialize_thread;
+	/* Protects vdev_initialize_thread and vdev_initialize_state. */
+	kmutex_t	vdev_initialize_lock;
+	kcondvar_t	vdev_initialize_cv;
+	uint64_t	vdev_initialize_offset[TXG_SIZE];
+	uint64_t	vdev_initialize_last_offset;
+	range_tree_t	*vdev_initialize_tree;	/* valid while initializing */
+	uint64_t	vdev_initialize_bytes_est;
+	uint64_t	vdev_initialize_bytes_done;
+	time_t		vdev_initialize_action_time;	/* start and end time */
+
+	/* for limiting outstanding I/Os */
+	kmutex_t	vdev_initialize_io_lock;
+	kcondvar_t	vdev_initialize_io_cv;
+	uint64_t	vdev_initialize_inflight;
+
 	/*
 	 * Values stored in the config for an indirect or removing vdev.
 	 */
@@ -478,6 +507,8 @@ extern vdev_ops_t vdev_indirect_ops;
 /*
  * Common size functions
  */
+extern void vdev_default_xlate(vdev_t *vd, const range_seg_t *in,
+    range_seg_t *out);
 extern uint64_t vdev_default_asize(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t psize);
 extern uint64_t vdev_get_min_asize(vdev_t *vd);
 extern void vdev_set_min_asize(vdev_t *vd);