path: root/checks/ecdsa.cpp

/******************************************************
* ECDSA tests                                         *
*                                                     *
* (C) 2007 Falko Strenzke                             *
*          Manuel Hartl                               *
*     2008 Jack Lloyd                                 *
******************************************************/

#include "validate.h"

#if defined(BOTAN_HAS_ECDSA)

#include <botan/botan.h>
#include <botan/look_pk.h>
#include <botan/ecdsa.h>
#include <botan/rsa.h>
#include <botan/x509cert.h>
#include <botan/oids.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#include "common.h"

using namespace Botan;

#define TEST_DATA_DIR "checks/ecc_testdata"

#define CHECK_MESSAGE(expr, print) try { if(!(expr)) std::cout << print << "\n"; } catch(std::exception& e) { std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << e.what() << "\n"; }
#define CHECK(expr) try { if(!(expr)) std::cout << #expr << "\n"; } catch(std::exception& e) { std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << e.what() << "\n"; }

namespace {

std::string to_hex(const SecureVector<byte>& bin)
   {
   Pipe pipe(new Hex_Encoder);
   pipe.process_msg(bin);
   if (pipe.remaining())
      return pipe.read_all_as_string();
   else
      return "(none)";
   }

/**

* Tests whether the the signing routine will work correctly in case the integer e
* that is constructed from the message (thus the hash value) is larger than n, the order of the base point.
* Tests the signing function of the pk signer object
*/

void test_hash_larger_than_n(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.132.0.8");
   EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid("1.3.132.0.8"));
   // n:
   // 0x0100000000000000000001f4c8f927aed3ca752257 // 21 bytes
   // -> shouldn´t work with SHA224 which outputs 23 bytes
   ECDSA_PrivateKey priv_key(rng, dom_pars);
   SecureVector<byte> message;
   for (unsigned j= 0; j<20; j++)
      {
      message.append(j);
      }

   for (int i = 0; i<3; i++)
      {
      //cout << "i = " << i << endl;
      std::string format;
      if(i==1)
         {
         format = "EMSA1_BSI(SHA-224)";
         }
      else
         {
         format = "EMSA1_BSI(SHA-1)";
         }
      std::auto_ptr<PK_Signer> pk_signer(get_pk_signer(priv_key, format));
      SecureVector<byte> signature;
      bool sig_exc = false;
      try
         {
         signature = pk_signer->sign_message(message, rng);
         }
      catch(Encoding_Error e)
         {
         sig_exc = true;
         }
      if(i==1)
         {
         CHECK(sig_exc);
         }
      if(i==0)
         {
         CHECK(!sig_exc);
         }


      if(i==0) // makes no sense to check for sha224
         {
         std::auto_ptr<PK_Verifier> pk_verifier(get_pk_verifier(priv_key, format));
         bool ver = pk_verifier->verify_message(message, signature);
         CHECK(ver);
         }

      } // for

   // now check that verification alone fails

   // sign it with the normal EMSA1
   std::auto_ptr<PK_Signer> pk_signer(get_pk_signer(priv_key, "EMSA1(SHA-224)"));
   SecureVector<byte> signature = pk_signer->sign_message(message, rng);

   std::auto_ptr<PK_Verifier> pk_verifier(get_pk_verifier(priv_key, "EMSA1_BSI(SHA-224)"));

   // verify against EMSA1_BSI
   // we make sure it doesn't fail because of the invalid signature,
   // but because of the Encoding_Error

   bool ver_exc = false;
   try
      {
      pk_verifier->verify_message(message, signature);
      }
   catch(Encoding_Error e)
      {
      ver_exc = true;
      }
   CHECK(ver_exc);
   }

/**
* Tests whether the the signing routine will work correctly in case the integer e
* that is constructed from the message is larger than n, the order of the base point
*/
void test_message_larger_than_n(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.132.0.8");
   EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid("1.3.132.0.8"));
   //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.2.840.10045.3.1.1");
   //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.3");
   ECDSA_PrivateKey priv_key(rng, dom_pars);
   std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef1212345678901234567890abcdef1212345678901234567890abcdef12");
   SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
   bool thrn = false;
   SecureVector<byte> signature;
   try
      {
      signature = priv_key.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
      }
   catch (Invalid_Argument e)
      {
      thrn = true;
      }
   //cout << "signature = " << hex_encode(signature.begin(), signature.size()) << "\n";
   bool ver_success = priv_key.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature.begin(), signature.size());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_success, "generated signature could not be verified positively");
   //CHECK_MESSAGE(thrn, "no exception was thrown although message to sign was too long");
   }

void test_decode_ecdsa_X509()
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   X509_Certificate cert(TEST_DATA_DIR "/CSCA.CSCA.csca-germany.1.crt");
   CHECK_MESSAGE(OIDS::lookup(cert.signature_algorithm().oid) == "ECDSA/EMSA1_BSI(SHA-224)", "error reading signature algorithm from x509 ecdsa certificate");
   CHECK_MESSAGE(to_hex(cert.serial_number()) == "01", "error reading serial from x509 ecdsa certificate");
   CHECK_MESSAGE(to_hex(cert.authority_key_id()) == "0096452DE588F966C4CCDF161DD1F3F5341B71E7", "error reading authority key id from x509 ecdsa certificate");
   CHECK_MESSAGE(to_hex(cert.subject_key_id()) == "0096452DE588F966C4CCDF161DD1F3F5341B71E7", "error reading Subject key id from x509 ecdsa certificate");

   std::auto_ptr<X509_PublicKey> pubkey(cert.subject_public_key());
   bool ver_ec = cert.check_signature(*pubkey);
   CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_ec, "could not positively verify correct selfsigned x509-ecdsa certificate");
   }

void test_decode_ver_link_SHA256()
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   X509_Certificate root_cert(TEST_DATA_DIR "/root2_SHA256.cer");
   X509_Certificate link_cert(TEST_DATA_DIR "/link_SHA256.cer");

   std::auto_ptr<X509_PublicKey> pubkey(root_cert.subject_public_key());
   bool ver_ec = link_cert.check_signature(*pubkey);
   CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_ec, "could not positively verifiy correct SHA256 link x509-ecdsa certificate");

   }
void test_decode_ver_link_SHA1()
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   X509_Certificate root_cert(TEST_DATA_DIR "/root_SHA1.163.crt");
   X509_Certificate link_cert(TEST_DATA_DIR "/link_SHA1.166.crt");

   std::auto_ptr<X509_PublicKey> pubkey(root_cert.subject_public_key());
   bool ver_ec = link_cert.check_signature(*pubkey);
   CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_ec, "could not positively verifiy correct SHA1 link x509-ecdsa certificate");
   }

void test_sign_then_ver(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   std::string g_secp("024a96b5688ef573284664698968c38bb913cbfc82");
   SecureVector<byte> sv_g_secp = decode_hex(g_secp);
   BigInt bi_p_secp("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7fffffff");
   BigInt bi_a_secp("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7ffffffc");
   BigInt bi_b_secp("0x1c97befc54bd7a8b65acf89f81d4d4adc565fa45");
   BigInt order = BigInt("0x0100000000000000000001f4c8f927aed3ca752257");
   CurveGFp curve(GFpElement(bi_p_secp,bi_a_secp), GFpElement(bi_p_secp, bi_b_secp), bi_p_secp);
   BigInt cofactor = BigInt(1);
   PointGFp p_G = OS2ECP ( sv_g_secp, curve );

   EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = EC_Domain_Params(curve, p_G, order, cofactor);
   ECDSA_PrivateKey my_priv_key(rng, dom_pars);

   std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef12");
   SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
   SecureVector<byte> signature = my_priv_key.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
   //cout << "signature = " << hex_encode(signature.begin(), signature.size()) << "\n";
   bool ver_success = my_priv_key.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature.begin(), signature.size());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_success, "generated signature could not be verified positively");
   signature[signature.size()-1] += 0x01;
   bool ver_must_fail = my_priv_key.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature.begin(), signature.size());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(!ver_must_fail, "corrupted signature could be verified positively");
   }

void test_ec_sign(RandomNumberGenerator&)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

#if 0
   try
      {
      ifstream message("checks/messages/ec_test_mes1");
      if(!message)
         {
         CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "Couldn't read the message file.");
         return;
         }

      std::string outfile = TEST_DATA_DIR "/ec_test_mes1.sig";
      std::ofstream sigfile(outfile.c_str());
      if(!sigfile)
         {
         CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "Couldn't write the signature to " << outfile);
         return;
         }

      //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.132.0.8");
      EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid("1.3.132.0.8"));

      ECDSA_PrivateKey priv_key(rng, dom_pars);
      std::auto_ptr<PK_Signer> dsa_sig(get_pk_signer(priv_key, "EMSA1(SHA-224)"));

      tr1::shared_ptr<PK_Signer> sp_dsa_sig(dsa_sig);

      Pipe pipe(new Base64_Encoder);
      pipe.process_msg(sp_dsa_sign->signature(rng));

      pipe.start_msg();
      message >> pipe;
      pipe.end_msg();

      sigfile << pipe.read_all_as_string() << endl;

      std::ofstream os_priv_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/matching_key.pkcs8.pem");

      os_priv_key << PKCS8::PEM_encode(priv_key);
      //CHECK(true);
      }

   catch (std::exception& e)
      {
      CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "something went wrong while signing...");
      }
#endif
   }


void test_create_pkcs8(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   try
      {
      RSA_PrivateKey rsa_key(rng, 1024);
      //RSA_PrivateKey rsa_key2(1024);
      //cout << "\nequal: " <<  (rsa_key == rsa_key2) << "\n";
      //DSA_PrivateKey key(DL_Group("dsa/jce/1024"));

      std::ofstream rsa_priv_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/rsa_private.pkcs8.pem");
      rsa_priv_key << PKCS8::PEM_encode(rsa_key);

      //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.132.0.8");
      EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid("1.3.132.0.8"));
      ECDSA_PrivateKey key(rng, dom_pars);
      std::ofstream priv_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/wo_dompar_private.pkcs8.pem");
      priv_key << PKCS8::PEM_encode(key);
      }
   catch (std::exception& e)
      {
      std::cout << "Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
      }
   }

void test_create_and_verify(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar("1.3.132.0.8");
   EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid("1.3.132.0.8"));
   ECDSA_PrivateKey key(rng, dom_pars);
   std::ofstream priv_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/dompar_private.pkcs8.pem");
   priv_key << PKCS8::PEM_encode(key);

   std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/wo_dompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
   ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_ec_key = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key.get());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(loaded_ec_key, "the loaded key could not be converted into an ECDSA_PrivateKey");

   std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key_1(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/rsa_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
   ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_rsa_key = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key_1.get());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(!loaded_rsa_key, "the loaded key is ECDSA_PrivateKey -> shouldn't be, is a RSA-Key");

   //calc a curve which is not in the registry

   // init the lib

   // 	string p_secp = "2117607112719756483104013348936480976596328609518055062007450442679169492999007105354629105748524349829824407773719892437896937279095106809";
   std::string a_secp = "0a377dede6b523333d36c78e9b0eaa3bf48ce93041f6d4fc34014d08f6833807498deedd4290101c5866e8dfb589485d13357b9e78c2d7fbe9fe";
   std::string b_secp = "0a9acf8c8ba617777e248509bcb4717d4db346202bf9e352cd5633731dd92a51b72a4dc3b3d17c823fcc8fbda4da08f25dea89046087342595a7";
   std::string G_secp_comp = "04081523d03d4f12cd02879dea4bf6a4f3a7df26ed888f10c5b2235a1274c386a2f218300dee6ed217841164533bcdc903f07a096f9fbf4ee95bac098a111f296f5830fe5c35b3e344d5df3a2256985f64fbe6d0edcc4c61d18bef681dd399df3d0194c5a4315e012e0245ecea56365baa9e8be1f7";
   std::string order_g = "0e1a16196e6000000000bc7f1618d867b15bb86474418f";

   //	::SecureVector<byte> sv_p_secp = decode_hex ( p_secp );
   SecureVector<byte> sv_a_secp = decode_hex ( a_secp );
   SecureVector<byte> sv_b_secp = decode_hex ( b_secp );
   SecureVector<byte> sv_G_secp_comp = decode_hex ( G_secp_comp );
   SecureVector<byte> sv_order_g = decode_hex ( order_g );

   //	BigInt bi_p_secp = BigInt::decode ( sv_p_secp.begin(), sv_p_secp.size() );
   BigInt bi_p_secp("2117607112719756483104013348936480976596328609518055062007450442679169492999007105354629105748524349829824407773719892437896937279095106809");
   BigInt bi_a_secp = BigInt::decode ( sv_a_secp.begin(), sv_a_secp.size() );
   BigInt bi_b_secp = BigInt::decode ( sv_b_secp.begin(), sv_b_secp.size() );
   BigInt bi_order_g = BigInt::decode ( sv_order_g.begin(), sv_order_g.size() );
   CurveGFp curve ( GFpElement ( bi_p_secp,bi_a_secp ), GFpElement ( bi_p_secp, bi_b_secp ), bi_p_secp );
   PointGFp p_G = OS2ECP ( sv_G_secp_comp, curve );

   EC_Domain_Params dom_params(curve, p_G, bi_order_g, BigInt(1));
   p_G.check_invariants();

   ECDSA_PrivateKey key_odd_oid(rng, dom_params);
   std::string key_odd_oid_str = PKCS8::PEM_encode(key_odd_oid);

   DataSource_Memory key_data_src(key_odd_oid_str);
   std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key2(PKCS8::load_key(key_data_src, rng));

   if(!dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key.get()))
      {
      std::cout << "Failed to reload an ECDSA key with unusual parameter set\n";
      }
   }

void test_curve_registry(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::vector<std::string> oids;
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.8");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.1");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.2");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.3");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.4");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.5");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.6");
   oids.push_back("1.2.840.10045.3.1.7");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.6");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.7");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.28");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.29");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.9");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.30");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.31");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.32");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.33");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.10");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.34");
   oids.push_back("1.3.132.0.35");
   oids.push_back("1.3.6.1.4.1.8301.3.1.2.9.0.38");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.1");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.3");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.5");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.7");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.9");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.11");
   oids.push_back("1.3.36.3.3.2.8.1.1.13");

   unsigned int i;
   for (i = 0; i < oids.size(); i++)
      {
      std::cout << "." << std::flush;
      //cout << "testing curve " << i+1 << "/" << oids.size() << ": " << oids[i] << endl;
      //EC_Domain_Params dom_pars = global_config().get_ec_dompar(oids[i]);
      try
         {

         EC_Domain_Params dom_pars(get_EC_Dom_Pars_by_oid(oids[i]));
         dom_pars.get_base_point().check_invariants();
         ECDSA_PrivateKey key(rng, dom_pars);

         std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef12");
         SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
         SecureVector<byte> signature = key.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
         bool ver_success = key.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature.begin(), signature.size());
         CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_success, "generated signature could not be verified positively");
         }
      catch(Invalid_Argument& e)
         {
         std::cout << "Error testing curve " << oids[i] << " - " << e.what() << "\n";
         }
      }
   //  std::cout << "test_curve_registry finished" << endl;
   }

void test_read_pkcs8(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;
   try
      {
      std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/wo_dompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
      ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_ec_key = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key.get());
      CHECK_MESSAGE(loaded_ec_key, "the loaded key could not be converted into an ECDSA_PrivateKey");

      std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef12");
      SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
      SecureVector<byte> signature = loaded_ec_key->sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
      //cout << "signature = " << hex_encode(signature.begin(), signature.size()) << "\n";
      bool ver_success = loaded_ec_key->verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature.begin(), signature.size());
      CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_success, "generated signature could not be verified positively");

      std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key_nodp(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/nodompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
      // anew in each test with unregistered domain-parameters
      ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_ec_key_nodp = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key_nodp.get());
      CHECK_MESSAGE(loaded_ec_key_nodp, "the loaded key could not be converted into an ECDSA_PrivateKey");

      SecureVector<byte> signature_nodp = loaded_ec_key_nodp->sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
      //cout << "signature = " << hex_encode(signature.begin(), signature.size()) << "\n";
      bool ver_success_nodp = loaded_ec_key_nodp->verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature_nodp.begin(), signature_nodp.size());
      CHECK_MESSAGE(ver_success_nodp, "generated signature could not be verified positively (no_dom)");
      try
         {
         std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key_withdp(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/withdompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
         CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "could load key but unknown OID is set");
         }
      catch (std::exception& e)
         {
         CHECK(true);
         }
      }
   catch (std::exception& e)
      {
      CHECK_MESSAGE(false, "Exception in test_read_pkcs8 message: " << e.what());
      }
   }

/**
* The following test tests the copy ctors and and copy-assignment operators
*/
void test_cp_and_as_ctors(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/wo_dompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
   ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_ec_key = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key.get());
   CHECK_MESSAGE(loaded_ec_key, "the loaded key could not be converted into an ECDSA_PrivateKey");
   std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef12");
   SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
   SecureVector<byte> signature_1 = loaded_ec_key->sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
   //cout << "signature = " << hex_encode(signature.begin(), signature.size()) << "\n";

   ECDSA_PrivateKey cp_priv_key(*loaded_ec_key); // priv-key, cp-ctor
   SecureVector<byte> signature_2 = cp_priv_key.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);

   ECDSA_PrivateKey as_priv_key = *loaded_ec_key;  //priv-key, as-op
   SecureVector<byte> signature_3 = as_priv_key.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);

   ECDSA_PublicKey pk_1 = cp_priv_key; // pub-key, as-op
   ECDSA_PublicKey pk_2(pk_1); // pub-key, cp-ctor
   ECDSA_PublicKey pk_3;
   pk_3 = pk_2; // pub-key, as-op

   bool ver_success_1 = pk_1.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature_1.begin(), signature_1.size());

   bool ver_success_2 = pk_2.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature_2.begin(), signature_2.size());

   bool ver_success_3 = pk_3.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), signature_3.begin(), signature_3.size());

   CHECK_MESSAGE((ver_success_1 && ver_success_2 && ver_success_3), "different results for copied keys");
   }

/**
* The following test tests whether ECDSA keys exhibit correct behaviour when it is
* attempted to use them in an uninitialized state
*/
void test_non_init_ecdsa_keys(RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "." << std::flush;

   std::auto_ptr<PKCS8_PrivateKey> loaded_key(PKCS8::load_key(TEST_DATA_DIR "/wo_dompar_private.pkcs8.pem", rng));
   //ECDSA_PrivateKey* loaded_ec_key = dynamic_cast<ECDSA_PrivateKey*>(loaded_key.get());
   //CHECK_MESSAGE(loaded_ec_key, "the loaded key could not be converted into an ECDSA_PrivateKey");
   std::string str_message = ("12345678901234567890abcdef12");
   ECDSA_PrivateKey empty_priv;
   ECDSA_PublicKey empty_pub;
   SecureVector<byte> sv_message = decode_hex(str_message);
   bool exc1 = false;
   try
      {
      SecureVector<byte> signature_1 = empty_priv.sign(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), rng);
      }
   catch (std::exception e)
      {
      exc1 = true;
      }
   CHECK_MESSAGE(exc1, "there was no exception thrown when attempting to use an uninitialized ECDSA key");

   bool exc2 = false;
   try
      {
      empty_pub.verify(sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size(), sv_message.begin(), sv_message.size());
      }
   catch (std::exception e)
      {
      exc2 = true;
      }
   CHECK_MESSAGE(exc2, "there was no exception thrown when attempting to use an uninitialized ECDSA key");
   }

}

u32bit do_ecdsa_tests(Botan::RandomNumberGenerator& rng)
   {
   std::cout << "Testing ECDSA (InSiTo unit tests): ";

   test_hash_larger_than_n(rng);
   //test_message_larger_than_n();
   test_decode_ecdsa_X509();
   test_decode_ver_link_SHA256();
   test_decode_ver_link_SHA1();
   test_sign_then_ver(rng);
   test_ec_sign(rng);
   test_create_pkcs8(rng);
   test_create_and_verify(rng);
   test_curve_registry(rng);
   test_read_pkcs8(rng);
   test_cp_and_as_ctors(rng);
   test_non_init_ecdsa_keys(rng);

   std::cout << std::endl;

   return 0;
   }
#else
u32bit do_ecdsa_tests(Botan::RandomNumberGenerator&) { return 0; }
#endif