/*************************************************
* DER Encoder Source File                        *
* (C) 1999-2007 The Botan Project                *
*************************************************/

#include <botan/der_enc.h>
#include <botan/asn1_int.h>
#include <botan/bigint.h>
#include <botan/loadstor.h>
#include <botan/bit_ops.h>
#include <botan/parsing.h>
#include <algorithm>

namespace Botan {

namespace {

/*************************************************
* DER encode an ASN.1 type tag                   *
*************************************************/
SecureVector<byte> encode_tag(ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   if((class_tag | 0xE0) != 0xE0)
      throw Encoding_Error("DER_Encoder: Invalid class tag " +
                           to_string(class_tag));

   SecureVector<byte> encoded_tag;
   if(type_tag <= 30)
      encoded_tag.append(static_cast<byte>(type_tag | class_tag));
   else
      {
      u32bit blocks = high_bit(type_tag) + 6;
      blocks = (blocks - (blocks % 7)) / 7;

      encoded_tag.append(class_tag | 0x1F);
      for(u32bit k = 0; k != blocks - 1; ++k)
         encoded_tag.append(0x80 | ((type_tag >> 7*(blocks-k-1)) & 0x7F));
      encoded_tag.append(type_tag & 0x7F);
      }

   return encoded_tag;
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode an ASN.1 length field               *
*************************************************/
SecureVector<byte> encode_length(u32bit length)
   {
   SecureVector<byte> encoded_length;
   if(length <= 127)
      encoded_length.append(static_cast<byte>(length));
   else
      {
      const u32bit top_byte = significant_bytes(length);
      encoded_length.append(static_cast<byte>(0x80 | top_byte));
      for(u32bit j = 4-top_byte; j != 4; ++j)
         encoded_length.append(get_byte(j, length));
      }
   return encoded_length;
   }

}

/*************************************************
* Return the encoded SEQUENCE/SET                *
*************************************************/
SecureVector<byte> DER_Encoder::DER_Sequence::get_contents()
   {
   const ASN1_Tag real_class_tag = ASN1_Tag(class_tag | CONSTRUCTED);

   SecureVector<byte> encoded_tag = encode_tag(type_tag, real_class_tag);

   if(type_tag == SET)
      {
      std::sort(set_contents.begin(), set_contents.end());
      for(u32bit j = 0; j != set_contents.size(); ++j)
         contents.append(set_contents[j]);
      set_contents.clear();
      }

   SecureVector<byte> encoded_length = encode_length(contents.size());

   SecureVector<byte> retval;
   retval.append(encoded_tag);
   retval.append(encoded_length);
   retval.append(contents);
   contents.destroy();
   return retval;
   }

/*************************************************
* Add an encoded value to the SEQUENCE/SET       *
*************************************************/
void DER_Encoder::DER_Sequence::add_bytes(const byte data[], u32bit length)
   {
   if(type_tag == SET)
      set_contents.push_back(SecureVector<byte>(data, length));
   else
      contents.append(data, length);
   }

/*************************************************
* Return the type and class taggings             *
*************************************************/
ASN1_Tag DER_Encoder::DER_Sequence::tag_of() const
   {
   return ASN1_Tag(type_tag | class_tag);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER_Sequence Constructor                       *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder::DER_Sequence::DER_Sequence(ASN1_Tag t1, ASN1_Tag t2) :
   type_tag(t1), class_tag(t2)
   {
   }

/*************************************************
* Return the encoded contents                    *
*************************************************/
SecureVector<byte> DER_Encoder::get_contents()
   {
   if(subsequences.size() != 0)
      throw Invalid_State("DER_Encoder: Sequence hasn't been marked done");

   SecureVector<byte> retval;
   retval = contents;
   contents.destroy();
   return retval;
   }

/*************************************************
* Start a new ASN.1 SEQUENCE/SET/EXPLICIT        *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::start_cons(ASN1_Tag type_tag,
                                     ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   subsequences.push_back(DER_Sequence(type_tag, class_tag));
   return (*this);
   }

/*************************************************
* Finish the current ASN.1 SEQUENCE/SET/EXPLICIT *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::end_cons()
   {
   if(subsequences.empty())
      throw Invalid_State("DER_Encoder::end_cons: No such sequence");

   SecureVector<byte> seq = subsequences[subsequences.size()-1].get_contents();
   subsequences.pop_back();
   raw_bytes(seq);
   return (*this);
   }

/*************************************************
* Start a new ASN.1 EXPLICIT encoding            *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::start_explicit(u16bit type_no)
   {
   ASN1_Tag type_tag = static_cast<ASN1_Tag>(type_no);

   if(type_tag == SET)
      throw Internal_Error("DER_Encoder.start_explicit(SET); cannot perform");

   return start_cons(type_tag, CONTEXT_SPECIFIC);
   }

/*************************************************
* Finish the current ASN.1 EXPLICIT encoding     *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::end_explicit()
   {
   return end_cons();
   }

/*************************************************
* Write raw bytes into the stream                *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::raw_bytes(const MemoryRegion<byte>& val)
   {
   return raw_bytes(val.begin(), val.size());
   }

/*************************************************
* Write raw bytes into the stream                *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::raw_bytes(const byte bytes[], u32bit length)
   {
   if(subsequences.size())
      subsequences[subsequences.size()-1].add_bytes(bytes, length);
   else
      contents.append(bytes, length);

   return (*this);
   }

/*************************************************
* Encode a NULL object                           *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode_null()
   {
   return add_object(NULL_TAG, UNIVERSAL, 0, 0);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode a BOOLEAN                           *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(bool is_true)
   {
   return encode(is_true, BOOLEAN, UNIVERSAL);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode a small INTEGER                     *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(u32bit n)
   {
   return encode(BigInt(n), INTEGER, UNIVERSAL);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode a small INTEGER                     *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const BigInt& n)
   {
   return encode(n, INTEGER, UNIVERSAL);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode an OCTET STRING or BIT STRING       *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const MemoryRegion<byte>& bytes,
                                 ASN1_Tag real_type)
   {
   return encode(bytes.begin(), bytes.size(),
                 real_type, real_type, UNIVERSAL);
   }

/*************************************************
* Encode this object                             *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const byte bytes[], u32bit length,
                                 ASN1_Tag real_type)
   {
   return encode(bytes, length, real_type, real_type, UNIVERSAL);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode a BOOLEAN                           *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(bool is_true,
                                 ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   byte val = is_true ? 0xFF : 0x00;
   return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, &val, 1);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode a small INTEGER                     *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(u32bit n,
                                 ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   return encode(BigInt(n), type_tag, class_tag);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode an INTEGER                          *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const BigInt& n,
                                 ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   if(n == 0)
      return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, 0);

   bool extra_zero = (n.bits() % 8 == 0);
   SecureVector<byte> contents(extra_zero + n.bytes());
   BigInt::encode(contents.begin() + extra_zero, n);
   if(n < 0)
      {
      for(u32bit j = 0; j != contents.size(); ++j)
         contents[j] = ~contents[j];
      for(u32bit j = contents.size(); j > 0; --j)
         if(++contents[j-1])
            break;
      }

   return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, contents);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode an OCTET STRING or BIT STRING       *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const MemoryRegion<byte>& bytes,
                                 ASN1_Tag real_type,
                                 ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   return encode(bytes.begin(), bytes.size(),
                 real_type, type_tag, class_tag);
   }

/*************************************************
* DER encode an OCTET STRING or BIT STRING       *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const byte bytes[], u32bit length,
                                 ASN1_Tag real_type,
                                 ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag)
   {
   if(real_type != OCTET_STRING && real_type != BIT_STRING)
      throw Invalid_Argument("DER_Encoder: Invalid tag for byte/bit string");

   if(real_type == BIT_STRING)
      {
      SecureVector<byte> encoded;
      encoded.append(0);
      encoded.append(bytes, length);
      return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, encoded);
      }
   else
      return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, bytes, length);
   }

/*************************************************
* Conditionally write some values to the stream  *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode_if(bool cond, DER_Encoder& codec)
   {
   if(cond)
      return raw_bytes(codec.get_contents());
   return (*this);
   }

/*************************************************
* Request for an object to encode itself         *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::encode(const ASN1_Object& obj)
   {
   obj.encode_into(*this);
   return (*this);
   }

/*************************************************
* Write the encoding of the byte(s)              *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::add_object(ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag,
                                     const byte rep[], u32bit length)
   {
   SecureVector<byte> encoded_tag = encode_tag(type_tag, class_tag);
   SecureVector<byte> encoded_length = encode_length(length);

   SecureVector<byte> buffer;
   buffer.append(encoded_tag);
   buffer.append(encoded_length);
   buffer.append(rep, length);

   return raw_bytes(buffer);
   }

/*************************************************
* Write the encoding of the byte(s)              *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::add_object(ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag,
                                     const MemoryRegion<byte>& rep_buf)
   {
   const byte* rep = rep_buf.begin();
   const u32bit rep_len = rep_buf.size();
   return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, rep, rep_len);
   }

/*************************************************
* Write the encoding of the byte(s)              *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::add_object(ASN1_Tag type_tag, ASN1_Tag class_tag,
                                     const std::string& rep_str)
   {
   const byte* rep = reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(rep_str.data());
   const u32bit rep_len = rep_str.size();
   return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, rep, rep_len);
   }

/*************************************************
* Write the encoding of the byte                 *
*************************************************/
DER_Encoder& DER_Encoder::add_object(ASN1_Tag type_tag,
                                     ASN1_Tag class_tag, byte rep)
   {
   return add_object(type_tag, class_tag, &rep, 1);
   }

}